To one side of the cemetery there is a votive chapel dedicated to the memory of servicemen killed in action in the area of Rancourt–Bouchavesnes and Sailly-Saillissel. This building, inaugurated in 1923, was founded by Madame Du Bos, mother of Jean Du Bos, a Lieutenant in the 94th Infantry Regiment, killed in action on 26 September 1916 during the attack on Rancourt. Now administrated by Souvenir Français, the chapel stands as a symbol of the sadness felt by so many parents who lost a beloved son.

Nearby there is a German military cemetery containing the graves of 10,422 German soldiers, including 7,492 in ossuaries, and a British cemetery containing 83 graves. Such proximity makes this a particularly symbolic memorial site for all three nationalities during commemoration ceremonies in remembrance of the Battle of the Somme.

The French soldiers include Henri Gaudier aka Henri Gaudier-Brzeska (grave 936), a painter and sculptor, precursor in France of the British artistic movement vorticism. A sergeant in the 129th infantry regiment, he died on 5th June 1915 at the age of 23 in Neuville-Saint-Vaast.

The remains from World War II include those of Paul Nizan (grave 8189) and Jeanne Bartet (grave 8352). The latter, an army nurse who belonged to the Union des Femmes de France de Bordeaux, was killed on 21st May 1940 near ambulance number 257 (Labroye). Paul Nizan, novelist, essayist, journalist and translator, was killed on 23rd May 1940 in Oudricq during the German attack on Dunkirk.

A monument has been erected to the memory of the soldiers of the 15th army corps who fell in August 1914.

Nearby are the Cabaret Rouge British cemetery and also the biggest German cemetery in Europe, Maison Blanche, which contains more than 44,000 graves. To the north of La Targette, towards Souchez, are two monuments, one placed at the entrance to the Czechoslovakian cemetery, honouring the memory of Polish and Czechoslovakian Foreign Legion volunteers.

Covering an area of 25 hectares, the cemetery holds over 40,000 bodies, half of which are in individual graves, and the other half are divided into seven ossuaries. It is France’s largest national cemetery.

Some foreign soldiers (Belgian, Romanian and Russian) are also buried there. French soldiers killed in WWII were also buried there.

Amongst the graves, you can find the grave of a father and his son who died on the battlefield in 1915 and 1918. Six other graves hold the bodies of a father killed in WWI and a son killed in WWII.

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Among these soldiers are buried General Janssen, commander of the 12th Motorized Infantry Division (DIM), killed on 2nd June 1940 during the aerial bombardments of the fort. There is a plaque at the entrance to Fort des Dunes, in remembrance of him and his men who fell alongside him during those first days of June 1940. A second plaque is dedicated “A la mémoire du Lieutenant Colonel Le Notre commandant les forces terrestres et aériennes de la première Armée des Officiers, Sous-officiers et soldats des F.T.A. tombés à leur poste de combat en ces lieux le 03 juin 1940 [To the memory of Our Lieutenant Colonel commanding the land and air forces of the first army of Officers, NCOs and soldiers of the FTA who fell at their battle stations at this place on 3rd June 1940].” In the fort, at the entrance to the Military Police building, a plaque honours the memory of the gendarmes of the Military Police of the 12th Motorized Infantry Division who died for France on 3rd June 1940. In the moat of the fort, there is a final plaque in memory of the eight resistant fighters who were shot dead on that very spot on 6th June 1944.

Among these soldiers are buried the remains of two generals. Those of General Dame, commander of the 2nd North African Infantry Division (DINA) who died for France on 18th July 1940 during his captivity in the fortress of Königstein and those of General Mesny, commander of the 5th DINA. This general officer was executed on 19th January 1945 in retaliation for the death of the German General von Brodowsky on 28th October 1944.

178 graves also preserve the memory of Soviet prisoners of war or civilians arrested on the Eastern Front and deported to France to work in the mines or in the construction of the Atlantic Wall. Some antifascist Russian immigrants are also buried there.

The war cemetery also contains 21 graves of Russian soldiers who died during the First World War.

In 1915, the German army established, to the left of the communal cemetery, a military cemetery for burying the soldiers who died in combat or in the field hospitals. It contains 1,627 bodies, including 631 in a mass grave.

The Natzweiler-Struthof concentration camp was mainly used for the internment of resistance fighters from across Europe, but homosexuals and Jehovah’s Witnesses were also interned here. The camp’s interns were made to do gruelling forced labour for the economy of the Third Reich. A number of those deported for racial reasons (Jews and Gypsies) were also sent here, to be subjected to horrific pseudo-scientific experiments.

Today, this listed historic site offers the chance to discover the workings of the only concentration camp in France, with its huts, crematorium and gas chamber.

Opened in 2005, the Centre Européen du Résistant Déporté has a definite educational approach to its visits. Touchscreen terminals, films, objects and photos chart the rise of fascism and Nazism in Europe and the setting up of the Nazi concentration camp network, whi

le at the same time paying tribute to the resistance movements that rose up against oppression.

A meeting place and discussion forum, the Centre holds regular temporary exhibitions and conferences. It aspires to spread the values of freedom, respect, tolerance and vigilance.
The camp, a major site for national and European remembrance, comes under the responsibility of the National Office for Veterans and Victims of War, an executive agency of the French Ministry of the Armed Forces.

Sources: ©Site de l’ancien camp de concentration de Natzweiler-Struthof - Centre européen du résistant déporté

Fondé en 1988 à l’initiative d’anciens résistants et passé sous gestion du Département du Loiret en 2008, le Musée se compose de deux bâtiments de plain–pied, pleinement accessibles à tous les publics. Le premier se consacre aux espaces d’exposition permanente, tandis que le second accueille conférences, expositions temporaires et ateliers pédagogiques. Une salle de consultation des archives et de la bibliothèque du Musée est également accessible sur demande. Attenant au Musée, un paisible jardin propose au visiteur un espace mémoriel en hommage aux résistants–déportés du Loiret.

Opened in 2012, the Mayenne Deportees Memorial is a visitors’ site that pays tribute to the people of Mayenne who were deported to the Nazi concentration and extermination camps during the Second World War.

This remembrance site is also a learning centre and a place of artistic expression and sharing.

The Memorial consists of two complementary spaces:

the Remembrance Area and the Vigilance Area. Objects collected from the camps, exhibitions, timelines, a wall of names, and written and oral accounts of deportees are presented in a unique and accessible setting.

Through the Memorial, the organisation that manages the site hopes to raise the awareness of present and future generations about the values of tolerance and respect, human rights and fighting all forms of discrimination.

The Memorial’s permanent exhibition, “Souffrances et Espoirs” (Suffering and Hope), takes its title from the eponymous book by Mayenne deportee Marcel Le Roy.  The exhibition is split into three parts: “Before arrest”, “In the camp” and “Freedom and hope”.

First-hand accounts, extracts from deportees’ memoirs and photographs will take you down the long road to the hell of the camps. A tribute is also paid to the Righteous Among the Nations, who put their lives in danger to hide Jews.  The last part of the exhibition looks at Europe and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. This part is the link with the Vigilance Area, which seeks to raise people’s awareness about current events.

Maps and timelines explain the context of the period and provide an introduction to the visit.

The Association pour le Mémorial de la Déportation organises a variety of activities (conferences, temporary exhibitions, readings, etc.) throughout the year.

Source : ©Mémorial des Déportés de la Mayenne