The collection of relief maps bears witness to more than two centuries of military siege history, from its creation in 1668, under Louis XIV, until the last quarter of the 19th Century when the fortified bastions were abandoned. The Museum of Relief Maps exhibits, at the Invalides in Paris and at the fine arts museum in Lille, an unrivalled collection of a hundred historical models of the forts or fortified towns that were spread along the former French borders. The practice of making relief maps and models of fortified towns for strategic purposes was the result of an initiative by Louvois. In 1668 the minister of Louis XIV was responsible for creating a collection that would continue to grow richer for more than two centuries. The king's engineers thus created relief maps not only of French places situated on the borders of the kingdom, but also foreign towns captured from the enemy. Apart from their military interest, they were valued as prestige objects, testament to the power of the monarchy and the kingdom, as well as being commemorative pieces illustrating important battles and great sieges. Their production only ended towards 1870, with the disappearance of bastion fortifications.

Used in military training, the collection of relief maps now represents an exceptional source of information for the history of the architecture, town planning and changes to the countryside. The models were created with great attention to detail, under the supervision of military engineers and with help from a large amount of written and graphic documentation. The collection, comprising 111 models, mostly on a scale of 1/600 (26 models, 21 other objects and 64 relief maps), first kept at the Tuileries, was transferred to the Louvre in 1700 and then in 1770 to the Hôtel des Invalides. Because of its eminent historical interest, it was classified as a historic monument in 1927. Today it is kept by the museum of relief maps (at the Hôtel des Invalides), created in 1943, where about a hundred models of French and foreign towns are displayed. Sixteen relief maps have been sent on loan to the museum of Fine Arts in Lille.
Hôtel national des Invalides 6 bd Invalides 75007 PARIS Tel.: 01 45 51 92 45 Email: pedagogie.relief maps@culture.gouv.fr Opening times 10 am until 6 pm from Monday to Sunday Unguided tours Full rate: 7.5 € Reduced rate: 5.5 € Conferences Group rate (over 25 people): 120 €

Le musée franco-américain du château de Blérancourt, unique musée consacré à des relations entre deux pays, et plus spécifiquement à la France et aux Etats-Unis d’Amérique, est situé à 120 km au nord de Paris et à 15 km de la gare de Noyon.

Construit en 1612 sur les plans du célèbre architecte Salomon de Brosse, le Château de Blérancourt fut la demeure de la riche famille des Potiers de Gesvres, avant démantelement pendant la Révolution. En ruines à la fin du19ème siècle, il est confié en 1917 par l’Armée française à Anne Morgan, fille du fameux banquier et collectionneur américain John-Pierpont Morgan. A la tête d’une association d’aide aux populations des régions sinistrées par la guerre, le Comité pour les Régions Dévastées, elle poursuit jusqu’en 1924 son action humanitaire et participe à la reconstruction de la région Picardie grâce aux missions suivantes : service d’infirmières-visiteuses, ravitaillement, aide à la lecture publique, foyers et jardins d’enfants, scoutisme, sports et fêtes. Grâce à,un parc automobile de Ford-T, les volontaires peuvent ainsi desservir 130 villages à partir de 5 centres établis à Blérancourt, Coucy-le-château, Anizy, Vic-sur-Aisne et Soissons. Au plus près des populations sinistrées, elles participent activement à une reconstruction morale et sociale et apportent la joie de vivre dans une région détruite à 90 % lors du conflit mondial.

Au lendemain de la guerre, Anne Morgan rachète le château (1919), fait restaurer en 1924 les deux pavillons d'angle pour y installer le musée de la coopération franco-américaine, puis en 1930 l'aile nord du Château, suivie par l'aile sud en 1938.

A l’origine dédié à la participation française à la guerre d’Indépendance et surtout à l’aide américaine durant la Première Guerre mondiale, le projet culturel du musée s’est ensuite étendu aux relations artistiques franco-américaines, présentées dans le pavillon Gould construit en 1989 par les architectes Yves Lion et Alan Lewitt.

Le musée fait actuellement l’objet d’un chantier de complète rénovation afin d’augmenter la surface d’exposition et de valoriser les vestiges archéologiques majeurs (maison-forte médiévale) découverts pendant les fouilles réalisées avant travaux.

Réouverture du musée franco-américain de Blérancourt après complète rénovation, automne 2017.

Visites et ateliers pédagogiques :

https://museefrancoamericain.fr/activites-pedagogiques

• Centre de documentation et contact(s)

Bibliothèque franco-américaine : La bibliothèque franco-américaine est consacrée aux relations entre la France et les États-Unis. Située dans le cadre exceptionnel d'un pavillon du XVIIe siècle, elle comprend plus de 6 000 ouvrages.

• Ouverte aux lecteurs sur simple demande écrite.
• Service pédagogique et contact(s)

Catherine Assous Tél : 03 23 39 14 72 mail : catherine.assous@culture.gouv.fr

• Visite gratuite : Uniquement lors des événements nationaux

https://www.coordonnees-gps.fr/communes/blerancourt/2093

Sources : ©Musée franco-américain du Château de Blérancourt

Established in 1967 on the initiative of Jacques Chaban-Delmas, Order of the Liberation, National Military Delegate of General de Gaulle in Vichy France, the Centre National Jean Moulin is located on the premises of the former Caisse d'Epargne de Bordeaux, a building constructed in the mid-19th century.

Born in Béziers in 1899, Jean Moulin was, upon the completion of his law studies, the youngest permanent departmental ministerial representative in France, before becoming the youngest prefect in France. At the time of the debacle of June 1940, he was prefect of Chartres where he accomplished his first act of resistance on 17 June. He left for London after being deposed by the Vichy government. Moulin was parachuted into Provence on the night of 1 January 1942 with two sets of orders - one civil, the other military - and was in charge of coordinating movements by the Resistance, as well as forming a secret army. Moulin, the first president of the National Resistance Council, was arrested in Caluire on 21 June 1943. After being tortured, he died during his transfer to Germany. Since 19 December 1964, his ashes have been kept at the Panthéon.
Jean Moulin was also an art lover and an artist in his own right who, under the pseudonym of Romanin, published caricatures, created etchings and painted watercolours.
The Resistance 18 June 1940: A day after arriving in London, General de Gaulle makes his appeal. 2 July 1940: France is divided in two by a demarcation line: the area north of the line is occupied by German forces, while the area south of the line, controlled by the government of Pétain in Vichy, would also be under occupation from 11 November 1942. Those who refused to live under German control became members of the Resistance. Members of the Resistance were not soldiers; they were anonymous and clandestine volunteers without uniforms. Faced with the Resistance, the German system of repression was overwhelming, with the secret police service, the Gestapo, at times acting with the assistance of French citizens deceived by propaganda from Nazi collaborators, in particular the militia. While combat between the two sides was unequal, patriotic enthusiasm more often than not made up for inexperience, unfortunately at a heavy price.
The Free French Forces From July 1940, General de Gaulle, now based in London, formed his general staff, notable members of which included Dewavrin (Passy), Roulier (Rémy), Duclos (Saint-Jacques), Fourcaud, d'Estienne d'Orves, and others. These 'first men of London' would form the Central Information and Action Bureau (BCRA). At the same time, General de Gaulle regrouped and organised under his command the remnants of the French army that had managed to evade German capture. Those that volunteered would make up the army, navy and air force of Free France that would fight alongside Allied forces.
Deportation Concentration camps were one of the first institutions created by the Nazis when Hitler came to power in 1933. Terror, which had earlier been developed by paramilitary Nazi groups (S.A. and S.S.), became legal. The regime's most hostile opponents were arrested and interned. German authorities in France used deportation from the earliest days of the Occupation. The first to be deported were those being held in camps in the south of France (Austrians and Germans, political refugees, combatants for international brigades and Spanish Republicans, foreign Jews), then the inhabitants of Alsace and Lorraine who resisted Germanisation. Soon afterwards, all Jews and opponents (Gaullists, communists and members of the Resistance) would suffer the same fate.
Permanent collections The Centre National Jean Moulin is a World War II documentation centre and museum that houses three floors of collections dedicated to the Resistance, Deportation and the Free French Forces. The Centre National Jean Moulin is a place of great historical importance that also looks to the future, contributing to learning and research. The Centre is also a documentation centre within a museum, offering the public access to documents from the period (posters, clandestine correspondence, weaponry, etc.) and objects which remind visitors of that period in our recent history and help them to understand the different networks that were formed and to appreciate the efforts made by all concerned in the name of freedom. The Centre also holds exhibits, special studies and organised activities. The Centre National Jean Moulin also welcomes artists, in particular in the context of the 'Nuit et Brouillard' exhibit by Jean-Jacques Morvan, war paintings by Bordeaux painter Edmond Boissonnet and the enamel works of Raymond Mirande.
The Centre is open to the general public all year round for visits with commentary (groups of 5 or more on appointment). For school students, the Centre's education service, which is managed by an agrégé history-geography teacher, offers theme-based and/or general visits with commentary (on appointment). A reference library containing books and documentary albums on collections housed in the museum is open to adults and students. Postal address: 48 rue Vital-Carles 33000 Bordeaux E-mail: cnjm@mairie-bordeaux.fr Tel: 33 / 05.56.10.19.90 / 05.56.10.19.92 Fax: 33 / 05.56.10.19.91 Open Tuesday-Sunday From 14:00 to 18:00. Closed Mondays and holidays Free admission

Inaugurated in 1999, the Memorial is dedicated to the Second World War and, in particular, the resistance movement and the deportation to the Nazi concentration and extermination camps.

There is an emphasis on the local nature of events. Two permanent exhibitions present the resistance movement in the region and the Nazi concentration camp system. Themed exhibitions feature the bombings, passive defence, daily life and other special themes.

Taking a historical journey through diverse photographic documents, testimonials, summary texts, newspapers, the clothing of deportees, arms and a model of Buchenwald concentration camps, visitors will understand the horrors of the Nazi camps and the reality of the Resistance in Loire: the Wodli, Le Boussoulet , 93 and Espoir maquis, the Ange group, etc.; as well as the bombing of the town on 26 May 1944.

Educational events:

• Saint-Etienne under occupation: rationing, the fate of the Jews, passive defence, bombing;

• The Nazi concentration camps;

• Resistance in the Department. The Memorial is a meeting point for the generation who survived the events of the Second World War and today's generations.

A documentation centre allows visitors to consult magazines, books and CD-Roms on the Second World War, the Resistance and deportation.

Memorial to the Resistance and Deportation

9 Rue du Théâtre 42000 Saint-Etienne

Tel: 04.77.34.03.69

E-mail: memorial.loire@wanadoo.fr

Opening times

Monday to Friday, 9 a.m. – 12 p.m. and 2-6 p.m.

Open on Saturdays for groups only (reservation required)

Annual holidays: Christmas holidays and 14 July to 15 August

Admission

Become a member of the association from €10 a year

Admission to the Memorial: €2, free for school visitors

Free educational activities

Getting there:

• By train: Lyon to Saint-Etienne line, Châteaucreux station.

• Public transport: Line 4 (Hôpital Nord - Solaure), Line 5 (Châteaucreux - Bellevue - Terrasse) – stops: Peuple Foy or Peuple Libération.

Memorial to the Resistance and Deportation of the Loire

With its original displays, this museum was set up by its founder to recognise those who took part in the battles waged in the Norman bocage in the summer of 1944.

Through eight museum sections and a sound and light show, the guided tour introduces visitors to the astonishing adventures of the brave men who fought in the bocage.

Through fascinating research, the men, who are a living testament to the battles fought and their often exceptional, always touching, destiny, were identified and invited to the museum.

They often visit the museum bringing with them souvenirs that resonate with the history of the place.

The Bocage Breakout Museum

5 rue du 19 Mars 1962 - 14350 Saint-Martin-des-Besaces

Tel/Fax: +33 (0)2 31 67 52 78
Only during the museum season.

Email: bluecoat@wanadoo.fr

Transfer of the collections from the museum to Bourges:

Occupying the prestigious premises of the Condé Pavilion since 1978, in the Beaumont district of Tours, the museum was moved to Bourges in summer 2009 to a former commanding officer’s villa, refurbished for this purpose.

This charming building and its fascinating layout provide the perfect setting to display the collections presenting the various stages of the development of the unit train from its creation by Emperor Napoleon on 26 March 1807 to modern times.

Through a dozen rooms, visitors can discover, uniforms, models, military decorations, paintings, personal objects and more.

Empire room: Placed under the responsibility of the Supply Corps, the “military transport crews”, created on 26 March 1807 in Osterode (Poland) to compensate for the poor transport resources, counted up to 24 battalions and participated in the campaigns in Poland, Spain, Austria, Russia (1812), Germany and France. A room of figurines completes the display.

Restoration room: After a difficult time, the military crews train returned to glory during the Conquest of Algeria in 1830. A collection of Arabian fire arms and knives are souvenirs of this campaign.

Second Empire/Third Republic room: Uniform items and various other objects illustrating the imperial splendour of the time. The unit train crews participated in campaigns in far-flung places from the Empire (Crimea, Italy, Mexico). After the defeat of 1870, it reported to the artillery (1875) and took part in all the Third Republic's colonial conquests.

1914-1918 room: The Great War saw the introduction of the Automobile Service that made a name for itself in 1916 along the Sacred Way. In 1919, the automobile service merged with the military crews train. After becoming simply “the train” in 1928, it was then teamed with the cavalry.

1939-1945 room: After working side by side with their horse-mounted comrades in the heroic battle on the bridges of Saumur and many taking part in the underground struggle in the dark years of the Second World War, the train followed the roads to freedom from Chad and Italy to the Rhine and the Danube. In 1945, the train became independent and its officers’ training school was set up in Tours in the Beaumont district.

The tour continues on the upper level:

Indochina room: From 1946 onwards, the train was made a part of the Far East Expeditionary Corps and fought on all of Indochina's communication routes until 1954. It forged a reputation for itself on the colonial route no 4 in Annam, Cochincina. It became amphibious with its waterway squads and airborne with its air drop supplies companies.

Algeria room: During the peace-keeping operations in Algeria, the train took on more traditional functions, infantry fighting and mainting order with the creation of eight marching battalions and one battalion for protecting rail cargo.

Contemporary room – Overseas operations: Since 1978, the train has been continuously engaged in all theatres of war, taking part in violence control and peace-keeping operations.

Today, integral to the logistics chain, the train is the support branch for operations deliveries and resupplying support.

The visit ends with a room dedicated to veterans and badges.

Musée du train
Écoles militaires de Bourges
BP 50709
18016 Bourges cedex

Getting there, opening times and contact

Tel: +33 (0)2 48 68 76 45 (curator)
Tel: +33 (0)2 46 08 81 10 (deputy curator)
Tel: +33 (0)2 48 68 74 39 (secretariat)
Fax: 02 46 08 81 09

Email: museedutrain.emb@terre-net.defense.gouv.fr

L’Airborne Museum est situé au cœur de Sainte-Mère-Eglise, face au clocher sur lequel le parachutiste John Steele est resté suspendu. A travers une muséographie spectaculaire et réaliste, l’Airborne Museum vous fera vivre le Débarquement aux côtés des parachutistes Américains des 82ème et 101ème Airborne. De la préparation du Jour-J en Angleterre, jusqu’aux combats qui menèrent à la Liberté, vous accompagnerez les troupes aéroportées dans leur chemin vers la Victoire. Découvrez une exceptionnelle collection d’objets historiques, un authentique planeur et un avion C-47 ayant participé aux opérations du Jour-J.

Une extension majeure : Opération Neptune et le Centre de conférence Ronald Reagan.

Dans le bâtiment "Opération Neptune" préparez-vous à vivre les parachutages du 6 juin 1944 ! Embarquez de nuit dans un véritable avion C-47 en Angleterre, puis atterrissez sur la place de Sainte-Mère-Eglise au milieu des combats et prenez part aux opérations qui suivirent !

A  partir de Mai, au sein du centre de conférence Ronald Reagan, découvrez une exposition inédite : « La bataille des Ardennes, Bastogne, hiver 1944 » ainsi que dans le cinéma un film de 20 minutes qui retrace avec émotion la vie sous l’occupation allemande puis la libération de Sainte-Mère-Église et du Cotentin.

►Exposition : 01>09 Juin 2019

Les + :

• Airborne Reality (depuis avril 2016): Munis de votre Smartphone ou votre tablette, téléchargez gratuitement l’application du musée et créez votre propre visite guidée en fonction de vos centres d’intérêt et de votre temps de visite !

Grâce à la réalité augmentée, soyez les témoins privilégiés du Débarquement et des parachutages sur Sainte-Mère-Eglise!

Téléchargement gratuit au musée, depuis le site web www.airborne-museum.org ou via Google Play et l’App Store. Application en français et anglais, puis, dans les mois à venir, en néerlandais.

• Exposition (à partir de juillet 2016): La bataille des Ardennes, Bastogne, hiver 1944. A travers cette exposition, revivez les évènements de cette bataille.

Le 16 Décembre 1944, Hitler lance une offensive de grande envergure à travers les Ardennes belges pour reconquérir le port d’Anvers et repousser les forces alliées.  Ces dernières sont prises par surprise du fait de la soudaineté et de la rapidité de l’attaque. En urgence, le Général Eisenhower décide d’envoyer en renfort des unités qu’il tient en réserve en France. La bataille des Ardennes a été plus qu’éprouvante et meurtrière pour les forces alliées qui devaient faire face à un hiver très rigoureux et un manque criant de ravitaillement en nourriture et en armes. L’armée allemande ne sera mise en échec qu’après l’apparition d’une accalmie salutaire permettant le ravitaillement des troupes au sol et facilitant l’arrivée de l’armée du Général Patton. La bataille des Ardennes ne prendra fin que fin janvier 1945.

Cette exposition inédite mettra également en lumière la voie de la liberté partant de Sainte-Mère-Eglise et arrivant à Bastogne ainsi que le rôle de l’armée Patton au sein de la bataille des Ardennes.

Guides de visite sous forme de livrets-jeux disponibles de 6 à 15 ans, téléchargement gratuit sur www.airborne-museum.org ou achat sur place +1€/enfant

Sources : ©Airborne Museum

On 25 August 1944, as Paris celebrated its liberation, 124 residents of the little commune of Maillé, in the south of the Touraine area, were massacred by German soldiers.

In the years that followed, the village was completely rebuilt. This absence of ruins meant that, unlike Oradour-sur-Glane, the event was entirely forgotten, despite being the second largest massacre to be perpetrated by the Nazis on French soil.

Opened in 2006, the Maison du Souvenir aims to raise awareness about the massacre, through more than 250 documents and a film of first-hand accounts. It tells the story of the village before, during and after the event. Aimed at both schoolchildren and the general public, the centre also looks at the fate of civilians in contemporary conflicts. Exhibitions and events are held throughout the year.
On 25 August 2008, the massacre at last received national recognition with the official opening of the Maison du Souvenir by the French President.

facebook.com/MaisonduSouvenirdeMaille

Source : ©Maison du Souvenir de Maillé

Le Linge ridge is located in the Alsatian Vosges mountains.

At a height of 1,000 metres, it separates the Orbey and Munster valleys, some twenty kilometres west of Colmar.

Designated a historic site by decree on 11 October 1921, it was one of the deadliest battlefields of World War I. During the conflict, the Germans had organised their defences along the crestline of Le Linge ridge to keep the French troops from advancing toward Colmar.

From 20 July to 15 October 1915, the Chasseurs Alpins, often between the ages of 19 and 20, launched an assault against this impregnable bastion. Gas shells and flamethrowers were used.

Some 10,000 Frenchmen and 7,000 Germans died during this period before the troops reached a standoff and remained facing each other until the end of the war in November 1918. The site that is visited today is a large rocky knoll, land with scattered shelters and crisscrossed by a network of fortified trenches, covered with heath and a few trees. The barbed wire of the period has not been removed and the whole is very well preserved.

It is hard to imagine that his superb site, with the northern tip of the knoll forming a rocky outcropping affording a magnificent view, was witness to such a slaughter. And yet hundreds of soldiers from both sides still rest here.

The Memorial Museum exhibits French and German objects found on the site: arms, munitions, relics and personal objects.

The showcases present of French and German fighters, models of the battlefield, period photographs, letters written by soldiers, and maps indicating tactical operations. Visitors can also view a video projection of period photographs.

Le Linge Memorial Association

86, route du général de Gaulle 68370 Orbey

Tel.: +33 (0)3 89 77 29 97

Fax: +33 (0)3 89 71 31 61

info@linge1915.com

Access

The Memorial Museum and the Le Linge battlefield at Orbey are located near the Col du Wettstein "Nécropole Nationale française" on highway D11V1.

Opening hours

From Good Friday to 11 November: 9.00 am to 12.30 pm and 2.00 pm to 6.00 pm

Admission price

Adults: €3

Group (over 10 people): €2.50 / person

Under 16 years of age (accompanied by an adult) and military personnel in uniform: free admission

Primary and middle school students: €20 per class: free for two accompanying adults

High school students: €2.50 / person, free for two accompanying adults

Reservations are required for school groups, and an educational dossier can be downloaded at www.linge1915.com

Tourism 68

Le Linge World War I Memorial Museum

Le 30 septembre 1945, « L’Amicale Des Anciens Internés Politiques de Châteaubriant-Voves » est créée. Dès lors, cette Association a pour but de maintenir le souvenir de ces hommes, objectif intégré dans la démarche du tourisme de mémoire.

Cette ambition passe par l’entretien du mémorial national érigé à Châteaubriant et par l’aménagement de la Carrière des fusillés. Le site fut classé en 1993.

Le monument inauguré le 22 octobre 1950 fut réalisé par Antoine ROHAL, sculpteur.
Depuis 1951, les alvéoles devant le monument contiennent un peu de terre des hauts lieux de la Résistance. Tout autour de la carriére sont installées en 1986 les stéles portant photographie et les indications personnelles de chaque fusillé.

Elle passe également par l’organisation de commémorations et de conférences. Actuellement, le titre est « Amicale de Châteaubriant-Voves-Rouillé-Aincourt ».

Pour transmettre cette histoire au public, le Musée de la Résistance à Châteaubriant,implanté dans la ferme qui jouxtait la carrière où ont été fusillés 27 hommes dont Guy Môquet, est inauguré en 2001 par l’Amicale. En 2007, l’Amicale délègue la gestion et l’animation du Musée à l’« Association des Amis du Musée de la Résistance de Châteaubriant ». Des expositions permettent de mieux comprendre la vie des internés et la Résistance dans le pays de Châteaubriant. Chaque année, une exposition en lien avec le thème du Concours National de la résistance et de la Déportation.

L’Office de Tourisme Intercommunal du Castelbriantais propose des visites guidées payantes de la Carrière et du Musée. Le Musée peut également être visité de manière libre et gratuite. Des documents sont mis à la disposition du public.

Sources : ©Musée de la Résistance à Châteaubriant