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The Belfort national cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Belfort. © ECPAD

 

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The Belfort national cemetery brings together the remains of soldiers who died in the town's hospitals as a result of their injuries during the First World War. Created in 1924, this cemetery was developed up until 1935 in order to hold the bodies exhumed from the Mobiles cemetery and other communal cemeteries in the Territoire de Belfort area. In 1988, the mortal remains of soldiers who were initially buried in the Brasse communal military plot were also transferred here. Today, the bodies of 919 French soldiers and 8 foreigners (3 Poles, 3 Russians and 2 Czechs) lie here.

In 1914, the fortified town of Belfort was a major part of France's defence. The 14 forts controlled a gap between the Swiss border and the Vosges. During the first days of the war, a new occupation such as the ones of 1814 and 1871 was feared. That is why a state of siege was put in place by the governor. More than 20,000 women, children, elderly, sick people and foreigners were evacuated to neighbouring departments. Equipment, supplies, buildings...everything was requisitioned as part of the war effort.

However, during the entire conflict, Belfort remained untouched by the major offensives. The front was 20 kilometres away. Daily life was however marked by bombings and the flow of convoys of the wounded. As the war continued and the combats became increasingly violent, the number of wounded continued to rise. Because of such an influx, the 500-bed military hospital was quickly overwhelmed.  The health services had to adapt, and requisitioned public and private buildings. And so the Dollfus Mieg et Compagnie spinning mill, schools in the Montbéliard area and the Rue de Châteaudun as well as the Sainte-Marie secondary school were transformed into temporary hospitals. Adolphe Pégoud, the French fighter ace with six victories under his belt, was transferred to one of these structures after being shot down over Petit Croix on 31 August 1915. He was buried on 3 September in the cemetery at Brasse, where he remained before being exhumed in 1924, when he was buried at the Montparnasse cemetery in Paris.

 

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Belfort
Par N 19

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Eléments remarquables

Monument régimentaire de la Grande Guerre

The Cernay national cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Cernay. © ECPAD

 

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The Cernay national cemetery holds the bodies of soldiers who were killed during the battles of Vieil-Armand and Steinbach during the summer of 1914. Created in 1920, this site was developed up until 1936 in order to welcome the bodies exhumed from temporary military cemeteries located in the Hartmannswillerkopf, to the south of Thann and to the north of Mulhouse.

In 1932 it was chosen to hold the bodies of Czech soldiers exhumed from the cemeteries of Choloy (54) and the Vosges.

After the Second World War, this cemetery was reorganised in order to bring together the bodies of 1,045 French soldiers and prisoners-of-war from the Haut-Rhin, Germany and Austria who died for France between 1940 and 1945. The bodies of 2,238 Frenchmen including 1,300 in individual graves, 45 Czechs, 19 Russians, one Briton and one Serbian lie here. Two ossuaries contain the mortal remains of 938 soldiers. During the First World War, nearly 25,000 French soldiers died on the slopes of the Hartmannswillerkopf, also known as the "Mangeur d'hommes" (Man-eater) or "Montagne de la Mort" (Mountain of Death).

 

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Cernay
À 10 km à l'ouest de Mulhouse. À la sortie de Cernay, en direction de la route des Crêtes et de Vieil-Armand

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Monument aux morts tchécoslovaques, 1914-1918

The Marxberg national necropolis, Sarrebourg

La nécropole nationale Le Marxberg. © Guillaume Pichard

 

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The Marxberg national necropolis mainly contains the remains of soldiers who died for France during the Battle of Sarrebourg in August 1914 or in the town’s hospitals. Created during the First World War by the German army, it was redesigned between 1925 and 1930 to bring together bodies exhumed from other cemeteries in Sarrebourg and the region. In September 1945, the bodies of French service personnel who died during the occupation of the Rhineland were repatriated and today the necropolis contains 1,608 bodies, including 1,119 Frenchmen lying in individual graves. Two ossuaries contain the remains of 315 and 257 soldiers respectively. From the Second World War, the cemetery contains the bodies of 266 Frenchmen, 77 Poles, 69 Yugoslavs, two Bulgarians and one Czech. A monument inside the cemetery honours the memory of soldiers from the Polish army who died in June 1940: “The town of Sarrebourg and Polish veterans in France, to the memory of the Polish army that fought on the land of Lorraine for our freedom in June 1940. Za wolnosc Nasza i Wasza – For our freedom and yours”.

 

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Sarrebourg
À la sortie ouest de Sarrebourg, N 4

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Plaque commémorative "Aux grenadiers polonais de 1940".

Chestres National Military Cemetery in Vouziers

Nécropole nationale de Chestres à Vouziers. © Guillaume Pichard

 

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The Chestres National Military Cemetery contains the remains of 2,902 soldiers and civilian casualties who died during the two World Wars. The cemetery was created in 1919 after the battles of Vouziers in 1918, and was expanded between 1922 and 1935 to take bodies exhumed from temporary cemeteries and isolated graves in various municipalities in the Ardennes department.

From the First World War this cemetery holds 2,484 French soldiers including 1,337 in an ossuary, 110 British soldiers, 282 Czechoslovakian soldiers including 122 in an ossuary, 124 Russian civilian prisoners, ten Belgian civilian prisoners and three British. This national military cemetery is also the resting place of two soldiers who died for France during the Second World War.

There is a monument in the cemetery to two Czechoslovakian soldiers. This monument, erected in memory of the soldiers in 1925, bears an epitaph in Czech that means: "To the memory of the legionnaires of the 21st and 22nd Czechoslovakian regiments who fell in 14-18 alongside their allied comrades in arms fighting for Freedom".

The cemetery is next to a German cemetery where 1,843 soldiers who fell in battle in the summer of 1914 and died in hospital in Vouziers, or who died during the offensives in September and October 1914, are buried.

The municipal cemetery in Vouziers has a military section containing the remains of French and Russian soldiers, along with one British and one Romanian soldier. Among these soldiers lies aviator Roland Garros in a private grave surmounted by a monument erected in his memory.

 

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Vouziers
À 30 km de Rethel. À la sortie nord de Vouziers, sur la D 947

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Monument aux morts des 21e et 22e régiments tchécoslovaques 1914-18

"Minaucourt-Le Mesnil-Les Hurlus" National Cemetery

Nécropole nationale de Minaucourt. © Guillaume Pichard

 

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Located within the municipality of Minaucourt-Le Mesnil-Les Hurlus, Pont du Marson National Cemetery holds the remains of soldiers who died for France during the various offensives that took place between 1914 and 1918 in this fiercely contended sector. The cemetery was developed in successive stages from 1922 to 1929, on the site of the temporary cemetery, then known as the Pont du Marson, established during the Battle of Champagne, in 1915. Over 21,000 French soldiers are buried here, including over 12,000 in ossuaries, together with 25 Czechs and 2 Serbians. One French soldier killed in the Second World War is also buried here. The monument dedicated to the heroes of the First World War was built from stones taken from the former church in Massiges.

This military cemetery bears witness to the bloody nature of the Champagne offensives and, more particularly, of the battles at the Main de Massiges, a geographical feature whose shape resembles a hand.

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Minaucourt-le-Mesnil-les-Hurlus
Au nord-est de Châlons-en-Champagne D 66

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The national necropolis of Jonchery-sur-Suippe

La nécropole nationale de Jonchery-sur-Suippe. © ECPAD

 

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Situated a few kilometres to the north-west of Suippes, the Jonchery national necropolis contains the bodies of soldiers who died for France during the fighting that took place in the Champagne region between 1914 and 1918, particularly during the September 1915 offensive. Created in 1915, it was redesigned between 1922 and 1929 in order to inter bodies from isolated graves and temporary cemeteries in the region (Perthes, Cuperly, Bouy, Tahure, etc). Today, the necropolis contains the bodies of 7,906 French combatants, including some 3,009 resting in four ossuaries. Four Czech soldiers also lie in this place of memory, including one, Joseph Staniz, who died on 11th November 1918 (the last day of the Great War).

 

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Jonchery-sur-Suippe
Au nord de Châlons-sur-Marne, D 3

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The Mont Frenet national cemetery in La Cheppe

La nécropole nationale "Le Mont Frenet". © ECPAD

 

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The Mont Frenet cemetery is one of 34 national cemeteries located in the Marne. It holds the remains of soldiers who died for France during the battles that took place in the Champagne region between 1914 and 1918. Created in 1915, this cemetery initially brought together the bodies of soldiers who had died as a result of their wounds at the 3/65 ambulance centre located at Mont Frenet. Set up at a railway junction, the centre enabled quick treatment of the wounded thanks to the Suippes-Châlons route. Located at the very site of the 3/65 ambulance centre, the cemetery holds 2,307 bodies including 2,282 French soldiers, 12 Britons, three Czechs and an American. Nine French soldiers from the Second World War are also buried here. It was extended after the war to accommodate bodies from isolated graves and some temporary military cemeteries such as Beauséjour, Tahure and Sainte-Marie-à-Py.

Among the soldiers lies Hill Stanley (1896-1918), an American volunteer who served in the ranks of the French army's medical corps. On 14 August 1918, after a month of agony, he died at La Veuve (51) as a result of his injuries.

 

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La Cheppe
Au nord-est de Châlons-sur-Marne, D 77

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Sillery French national war cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Sillery. © ECPAD

 

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Bringing together almost 12,000 bodies, this national military cemetery contains the remains of French soldiers who died in the fighting that took place in defence of Reims, from September 1914 to autumn 1918. This cemetery was established from 1923 onwards for the remains of soldiers exhumed from isolated graves or various temporary cemeteries in the region. Today, in the name of the Great War, it contains the remains of 11,228 French soldiers including 5,548 buried in two ossuaries, and 2 Czech servicemen. Many soldiers from colonial units fell in the defence of the Fort de la Pompelle. Until 1933, before being transferred to Prague, the body of Lumir Brezovsky was buried here. He was the first Czechoslovak volunteer killed on 10 December 1914 at Marquise. There are also the bodies of 29 servicemen who died for France in 1939-1945 and who have been laid to rest there.

Dedicated to graveless soldiers, a chapel-mausoleum was erected at this military cemetery. This idea was supported by the Abbé Fendler, priest of Sillery and president of the Comité du Mausolée des Batailles de Champagne. Presented in 1925, at the International Exhibition of Modern Industrial and Decorative Arts in Paris, this monument was erected thanks to an international fund and was designed by the architect Adolphe Proust. Framing the forged iron gate created by iron craftsman Marcel Decrion, the sculptures were created in fresh concrete, by Edouard Sediey. The window is by the master glassmaker Jacques Simon. Inside the mausoleum are three commemorative plaques provided by the families.  The first stone of this building was laid on 19 September 1926 during the ceremony to commemorate the battles of Fort de la Pompelle and Sillery.

 

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Sillery
À 10 km au sud-est de Reims, sur la D 8

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Chapelle-mausolée aux morts privés de sépultures des batailles de Champagne 1914-18 _ Monument aux morts de la 97e division d'infanterie territoriale de 1915

Fère-Champenoise

Nécropole nationale de Fère-Champenoise. © ECPAD

 

 

Located in Les Ouches, Fère-Champenoise National Cemetery holds the remains of soldiers who died for France in the first Battle of the Marne (September 1914) and during the Campaign for France in June 1940. Established immediately after the battles that mainly took place in the Saint-Gond marshes and on the two Morin rivers, the cemetery was developed from 1919 to 1934 to accommodate the bodies of other soldiers exhumed from military cemeteries or isolated graves in the Marne, the Aube and the Haute-Marne. Since 1928, a commemorative monument has stood here, dedicated to the memory of the French soldiers killed in action from 1914 to 1918. The cemetery holds the remains of nearly 6,000 French soldiers, including over 3,000 in the ossuary, together with some foreigners (including British and Czech) killed during the First World War. In the early 1950s, this cemetery held the mortal remains of 169 Frenchmen and 3 Belgians killed in the battles of the Aisne and Champagne in May and June 1940, and during the Liberation of France in 1944.

 

 

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Fère-champenoise

Summary

Eléments remarquables

Monument aux morts 1914-1918.

Villiers-Saint-Georges National Cemetery

La nécropole nationale de Villiers-Saint-Georges. © ECPAD

 

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Located at a place known as the "The Path of Beauland" the Villiers-Saint-Georges National Cemetery is home to soldiers who died for France during battle in September 1914. The cemetery was built in the aftermath of the fighting, and was redeveloped in 1918 to include other soldiers from the Second Battle of the Marne who died in battle or in the on-site ambulance. The cemetery contains 60 bodies – 59 Frenchmen and one volunteer fighter from the Czech Army, Mentl Fransisck.

Commended in the Army in 1922, Villiers-Saint-Georges was one of the most advanced positions that the enemy reached in September 1914 and had its own military hospital during the war. The bodies of soldiers that were not claimed by their families lie in the military cemetery where the town’s War Memorial stands.

 

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Villiers-Saint-Georges
A l’ouest de Sézanne, D 15, D 403

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Eléments remarquables

Monument aux morts 1914-1918