To prevent epidemics, the burial of these victims was of major importance. So, the German army requisitioned all men aged 16 to 60 to act with speed to bring the remains of all those killed in the sector to this cemetery. Without always stopping to identify the bodies, these men collected the fallen and buried them in deep common graves.

In 1924, under the supervision of the French War Graves Department, other bodies from the provisional cemeteries of Schneckenbusch, Troisfontaines, Hommarting, and Niderviller were transferred to this site.

Nearby is a German cemetery containing the remains of 277 German soldiers, most of whom also fell on 20 August 1914.

At the centre of the cemetery, a monument was created by Swiss artist Frédéric-Balthazar Stoll, also known as Frédy Stoll (1869-1949) - a volunteer during the war - whilst he was a prisoner at Graffenwöhr. In 1928, this monument was dismantled then returned to France. In June 1930, it was definitively installed in Sarrebourg. Frédy Stoll sculpted the statue from a granite block, with the help of his comrades. This monument represents a kneeling, desperate warrior, like a beaten Hercules; a symbol of the prisoners' plight. After the war, Frédy Stoll also created the war memorials in Soulac-sur-Mer, Caillac, Le Verdon-sur-Mer in Gironde, Nadaillac in Dordogne and Bessancourt in the Val d'Oise.

Following the armistice of 11 November 1918, the return of the 477,800 French prisoners of war took place very quickly.

Around 25,000 French prisoners died in Germany from their injuries, diseases caught, accidents or ill treatment. The restitution of the bodies of these prisoners who had died in captivity was decided upon in 1922 - at the same time as they were granted the title "Died for France" - thus ensuring that they were regarded as the equals of those soldiers who had fallen at the front.

This is the only cemetery that exists for French prisoners, soldiers or civilians from invaded areas who died in captivity.

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From the First World War, there are 1,834 Germans, 388 French, 149 Russians, fifteen British, thirteen Austro-Hungarians and five Serbians buried there.

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From the Second World War, 2,008 French, 1,032 Germans, eight Yugoslavians, seven British, five Polish, five Australians, two New-Zealanders, one Canadian, one Dutch and one Armenian. Among them are buried the remains of the remains of some women, civilian victims or military nurses, and two children who died during World War II; Monique Ferret, born and died in May 1945 in captivity at Innsbruck (Square C, row 6, grave 6) and Jacques Budios killed during a bombardment along with his mother in August 1944 (Square C, row 2, grave 19).

In addition, the remains of two servicemen who died in Indochina are at Strasbourg Cronenbourg: Johann Jury, of the 13th Demi-Brigade of the Foreign Legion, who died 15 January 1953 at Cau Xa in Tonkin (square D, row 11, grave 19) and Helmut Kraska, of the 2nd Foreign Regiment, who died in Nam Dinh (Tonkin) on 7 October 1953 (square C, row 1A, grave 15). More recently, there was a sapper parachutist of the 17th Parachute Engineer Regiment, a native of Strasbourg, Michel Lung-Hoi, who died on 4 September 1986 in Jwayya, Lebanon.

It includes ten graves of soldiers who died during the war of 1870-1871. As a result of the First World War, next to the 91 French soldiers lie 475 Romanians, 122 Russians and one Briton. As a result of the Second World War, 536 Soviets including 493 in ossuaries, 358 Frenchmen, a Pole and a Belgian are buried there, as well as seven British pilots who died during the night of 24-25 April 1944 when their bomber crashed over Soufflenheim. A commemorative plaque was unveiled in this village in May 2014.

Nearby, a German military plot containing 188 graves was also created.

During the war, 3.4 million Russian soldiers were captured, of which 1.5 million were held prisoner in Germany. In the spring of 1915, the German authorities agreed the assignment of prisoners of war to the war kommandos to alleviate labour shortages. In Alsace, several thousand Russian prisoners were made to work on drainage, wood cutting, road building, as well as agriculture.

Working conditions were hard and the mortality rate among these men is estimated at 7.3%. During the war, almost 100,000 prisoners of war perished in Germany.

In addition, through agreements between France and Russia, some Russians joined the Western Front to supplement the ranks of the French army, who suffered significant losses in 1915. In 1916, four Russian elite brigades were formed, containing 45,000 men in total. Two were sent to Macedonia on the Salonica front, while the 1st and 3rd Brigade were deployed in Champagne, where they fought their first battles in 1917. With the political tensions and the Russian revolution, these unites were taken off the front lines. Some mutinied and were imprisoned in Algeria. Others formed the Russian Legion to continue fighting alongside France. At the end of the war, this battalion, which only had 1,600 men, was appointed the Russian Legion of Honour.

In 1916, in the village of Weiler, located east of Wissembourg, the Germans established a prison camp where daily life was of the most basic standard.  Some barracks and a hospital were also built to house the Russian prisoners captured in particular on the Western Front. The Weiler national war cemetery is now the last remaining evidence of the existence of this camp, about which few records exist.

At the centre of the cemetery, an imposing stone and bronze monument by the sculptor Eugène Gatelet pays homage to General de Castelnau’s soldiers, who died defending Nancy during the Battle of Grand Couronné. It depicts a young peasant boy laying a wreath on the tomb of a soldier who died for France.

In an individual grave amongst these soldiers, you’ll find General Diou, major of the 63rd infantry brigade. He was mortally wounded in the Muhwald woods, and died in Dieuze. His grave faces a monument that was erected after the war to honour the sacrifices of the 15th and 16th army corps in August 1914. Colonel Arbanère from the 53rd infantry regiment, who died on 20 August, is also buried here.

“L’Espérance” is typical of military cemeteries from the start of WWI, and of the way the dead were handled by French military authorities. In fact, at this time, officers were generally buried in individual graves, whereas troops were buried in collective graves. From 1915, the use of individual graves became common for all soldiers. The law of 29 December 1915 gave soldiers who died for France the right to be buried in individual graves.

From the Great War, there are 821 Romanians, 263 Frenchmen, 239 of whom lie in two ossuaries, 122 Germans in two ossuaries, eight Poles and seven Russians.

From the Second World War, 222 Poles and five Frenchmen are buried there.

A monument honouring the memory of the Romanian soldiers killed on French soil in 1914-1918 has been erected there. This memorial was unveiled in 1998 by the Romanian Ministry of Defence. Standing on a plinth made of Vosges sandstone, this structure, given as a gift by Romania, is a reproduction of a monument in Bucharest. The monument contains earth from the ten French cemeteries in Romania.

The Lidrezing cemetery is typical of military cemeteries from the start of WWI, and of the way the dead were handled by French military authorities. In fact, at this time, officers were generally buried in individual graves, whereas troops were buried in collective graves. From 1915, the use of individual graves became common for all soldiers. The law of 29 December 1915 gave soldiers who died for France the right to be buried in individual graves.

This small cemetery is typical of military cemeteries from the beginning of the war, and holds 39 French soldiers. Only captain Georges de Fabry, in charge of the 1st company of the 37th infantry regiment, lies separately in an individual grave. The others, mostly young soldiers from the classes of 1910 to 1913 assigned to the 37th infantry regiment, are buried in a collective grave.

The Conthil cemetery is typical of military cemeteries from the start of WWI, and of the way the dead were handled by French military authorities. In fact, at this time, officers were generally buried in individual graves, whereas troops were buried in collective graves. From 1915, the use of individual graves became common for all soldiers. The law of 29 December 1915 gave soldiers who died for France the right to be buried in individual graves.

After the war, a monument was erected in memory of the 37th infantry regiment of Nancy.

Battle of Morhange, Battle of the Frontiers, 19-20 August 1914

At the end of the Franco-Prussian War (1870-71), the borders were redrawn. Morhange was now occupied by the Germans.

On 1 August 1914, German troops deployed a broad outflanking movement through “neutral” Belgium, to surround the French army. Putting Plan XVII into practice, General Joffre chose to force his way through enemy lines in Alsace and Lorraine, in order to take back the departments lost following the defeat of 1871.

In Lorraine, on 14 August 1914, the French Second Army crossed the border and advanced towards Morhange. Making rapid progress, on 18 August the French reached the town of Dieuze. On the 19th, they made contact with Crown Prince Rupprecht of Bavaria’s 6th Army. 

In a commanding position and equipped with considerable heavy field artillery, the enemy, caught in an ambush, harried the French 11th Infantry Division, nicknamed the “Iron Division”. Sitting targets, they were pinned to the spot and quickly overwhelmed. Fighting hand to hand to hold their position, the French soldiers were forced to beat a hasty retreat, abandoning nearly 7 000 dead and 10 000 wounded on the battlefield. On the evening of 20 August, the French offensive was crushed. Harassed, the French retreated towards Grand Couronné, near Nancy, where the fate of French Lorraine would be decided in September 1914.

The German army’s success was unequivocal. On the French side was surprise and disillusionment. Devised and extolled on the eve of the war, the doctrine of all-out attack proved ill-suited to the realities of the campaign of summer 1914.

Yet the German victory was not absolute. Not only had the French offensive held enemy troops in Lorraine who should have been deployed to the west for the march on Paris, but the French had made an orderly retreat. They had lost little territory and held onto Nancy. The front stood still. Joffre ordered his troops to retreat to the Marne, where they would muster the moral and physical resources to resume the offensive. The Battle of the Marne was to be the first French victory of the First World War. At the end of 1914, the front became stabilised along the Moselle and Meurthe-et-Moselle rivers.

The Riche cemetery

Four days after this violent fighting, civilians were requisitioned by the Germans to gather up the bodies, which were deteriorating rapidly in the heat. It was a grim task and the civilians buried the remains hastily in mass graves, topped with a spiked helmet for the Germans and a kepi for the French. Today, the local population remains attached to the memory of this tragic episode, and every year a commemorative ceremony is held.

Built in 1924 by the Friends of the Veterans of the 37th Infantry Regiment, a regimental monument honours the memory of the French soldiers killed in Lorraine, and in particular those of the 37th RI, who had their baptism of fire at Riche. This monument and ossuary contains the remains of 15 soldiers, mostly of the 37th RI. Designed by architect Marchal, it was donated by the Gardeur family, whose son is one of those buried beneath it.

Among those buried here is Second Lieutenant de Castelnau (grave 969), whose father, General de Castelnau, commanded the operations around Morhange.

This site, which is a testament to this history and to the annexation of Lorraine to the Reichland, boasts one of the richest funereal heritages. At the end of the 19th century, the Germans erected a chapel in order to organise ceremonies dedicated to the soldiers buried in this garrison cemetery. Today this edifice enables ceremonies to be held in remembrance of those who died in all conflicts.

Finally, funereal emblems from all periods are kept here. In cast-iron or stone, they have - depending on the periods concerned - a different symbolism, but each respect the faith of the buried soldier.