The special services archives include documents discovered by the occupation troops in Germany after the end of the war. Among them are several hundred individual files in the names of French men and women, civilians and soldiers, prepared by section III F of the Abwehr in Paris. These agents helped the Abwehr to monitor and penetrate resistance organisations and the enemy special services. They were commonly known as V-Männer (Vertrauensmänner) or ”trusted men”.

The career of Hans Sommer, from the SS to the Stasi via the German army and the SD, illustrates a clear fact: German agents were very well trained. Real intelligence professionals, several of them recycled their experience after the war by working for intelligence agencies, which were always looking for talent to exploit.

The type of document presented here is quite exceptional. While its author wanted to produce a work of humour, he had no idea that his caricatures would serve to expose some of the Sicherheitsdienst agents in Metz and their French auxiliaries, the very same who had dealt heavy blows against the Resistance in Moselle.

”The Gestapo”! The Nazi political police generally sums up our vision of the German agents who operated in occupied France. And yet they came from many backgrounds, and many were a long way from our usual representations of them. First of all, very few members of the Gestapo were sent to occupied France, where repression was mainly the responsibility of the military administration and their rural police, the Geheime Feldpolizei (GFP).

When the Liberation came, it was vital to be able to identify and list the agents of the Resistance networks, retrace their actions and recognise their rights. It was also essential to check that no enemies, traitors or usurpers could sneak among them and profit from the agents who had demonstrated their commitment to preparing for the future.

One of the great treasures of the special services archives is the collection of cables and telegrams. Conserved at the National Archives and the Defence Historical Service, these documents have their own logic and contain many secrets. They reveal the daily life of the Resistance and make it possible to reconstruct, sometimes with surprising precision, the circuits by which information and decisions were exchanged and thus to improve our understanding of the operations of the Resistance in the field.

Free France produced its own laws, carrying out fundamental legal work that was confirmed following the Liberation and whose traces still remain in today's substantive law. This is the case with ”decree 366”: signed in London on 25 July 1942, this text, which sets the rules by which people can join the Free French Forces, is still valid and continues to have an impact. As for the note on the application of the decree, it gave rise to several particularly moving chirographs.

Conserved in the file opened by the Central Bureau of Intelligence and Operations (BCRA) in the name of Geneviève de Gaulle, the letter we present here is a rare and moving document. The letter is first of all that of a niece writing to her uncle to pass on news of the family, which is in the midst of torment. It is also that of a young woman writing to the leader of Free France, aware of the role women must play in restoring the nation and seeking to ”serve”, ”with all [her] strength”.

A recent film, The Imitation Game, recalled the essential role played by the cracking of the Enigma code in the Allied victory. But who knew that the French secret services had recruited Hans Thilo Schmidt as early as 1931? This German spy was the source of the first information about the machine for encrypting secret messages. Without this intelligence, it would probably not have been possible to reconstitute the machine or to figure out how it worked.

The special services of Free France, which have gone down in history under the name of the Bureau central de renseignements et d'action (BCRA, Central Bureau of Intelligence and Operations), were founded in London on 1 July 1940. However, many months would pass before Colonel Passy's services were fully operational. They gradually widened the scope of their operations and learned to work with the British.